CPI Venezuela II – Analyse et Conséquences de la Demande du Venezuela à la CPI : Crimes Contre l’Humanité et Mesures Coercitives Unilatérales
Le 13 février 2020, dans un développement crucial, la Cour Pénale Internationale (CPI) a reçu une demande émanant du gouvernement de la République bolivarienne du Venezuela, marquant un moment significatif dans l’arène du droit et de la justice internationaux. En sa qualité d’État Partie au Statut de Rome, le Venezuela a exercé ses droits en appelant le Procureur de la CPI à entamer une enquête sur les prétendus crimes contre l’humanité survenus sur son territoire. Cette requête vise à déterminer la responsabilité pour des crimes qui auraient été commis à la suite de mesures coercitives imposées par le gouvernement des États-Unis contre le Venezuela depuis au moins 2014.
Cette demande, la seconde concernant le Venezuela reçue par le Bureau du Procureur, est étayée par des documents précisant les circonstances sous lesquelles ces crimes présumés se seraient produits. Cette action fait suite à une demande antérieure en 2018 par plusieurs États Parties au Statut de Rome et à un examen préliminaire initial ouvert par le Procureur en février 2018, portant sur des crimes liés aux manifestations et troubles politiques depuis février 2014.
Il est crucial de noter qu’une demande d’un État Partie ne déclenche pas automatiquement une enquête. Le Procureur doit d’abord déterminer si la situation remplit les critères statutaires pour une enquête, un processus qui ne nécessite pas l’autorisation de la Chambre préliminaire en raison de la demande.
Selon l’article 53(1) du Statut de Rome, le Procureur doit considérer les questions de juridiction, de recevabilité et des intérêts de la justice. Cette évaluation exhaustive est constante dans toutes les situations, indépendamment de la méthode d’initiation de l’examen préliminaire. Elle souligne l’engagement du Bureau à analyser de manière indépendante et impartiale toutes les informations disponibles.
Cette récente demande du Venezuela représente la dixième reçue par le Bureau du Procureur depuis l’entrée en vigueur du Statut de Rome en 2002, rejoignant une liste de demandes de gouvernements divers et du Conseil de Sécurité des Nations Unies. Elle souligne l’engagement mondial à soutenir le droit international et les principes inscrits dans le Statut de Rome, offrant une nouvelle voie pour la justice et la responsabilité.
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Hennebel Avocats est spécialisé dans le contentieux juridique complexe et global en droit international public, droit international des droits de l’homme et droit international et transnational pénal
Cour Pénale Internationale (CPI) – Statut de Rome – Demande du Venezuela – Crimes contre l’humanité – Mesures coercitives unilatérales – États Parties – Article 14(1) du Statut de Rome – Procureur de la CPI – Examen préliminaire – Juridiction – Recevabilité – Intérêts de la justice – Évaluation indépendante et impartiale – Prérogatives des États Parties – Demandes des États – Conseil de Sécurité des Nations Unies – Coercition internationale – Politique du Bureau du Procureur sur les Examens Préliminaires – Exercice de la juridiction par la CPI – Observations des autorités nationales compétentes – Responsabilité internationale
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